Zyloprim

Drug NameZyloprim (Allopurinol)Drug Uses

Zyloprim reduces the production of uric acid in your body. Zyloprim is used to treat gout, increased levels of uric acid caused by cancer treatment, and kidney stones that are caused by high levels of uric acid.

How Taken

Zyloprim comes as a tablet to take it orally. It usually is taken once a day, preferably after a meal. Drink at least eight glasses of water or other fluids each day while taking Zyloprim unless directed to do otherwise by your doctor. Avoid excessive amounts of vitamin C supplements or fruit juice while taking Zyloprim. Too much vitamin C may increase your chance of developing kidney stones.

Drug Class and Mechanism

Allopurinol is used to lower blood uric acid levels. Uric acid is a breakdown product of purines in foods. Uric acid forms crystals in the tissues of the body to cause the inflammation of gout. Elevated blood uric acid levels can also cause kidney disease and stones. Allopurinol can be used to prevent uric acid kidney stones and to prevent recurrent gouty arthritis attacks.

Missed Dose

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the dose you missed and take only your next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication.

Storage

Store at 15-25°C (59-77°F) in a dry place and protect from light.

Warnings/PrecautionsBefore taking Zyloprim, tell your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease. You may need a lower dose of Zyloprim or special monitoring during your therapy. Zyloprim is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether Zyloprim will harm an unborn baby. Do not take Zyloprim without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant. Zyloprim passes into breast milk. Do not take Zyloprim without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.Possible Side Effects

If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking Zyloprim and seek emergency medical attention: an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives); blood in your urine or pain when you urinate; a rash; eye irritation; fever, chills, or joint aches; or severe nausea or vomiting. Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take Zyloprim and talk to your doctor if you experience upset stomach or diarrhea; headache, dizziness, or drowsiness; or an acute attack of gouty arthritis. Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any reaction that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

More Information

• If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking allopurinol and seek emergency medical attention:
  • an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives);
  • blood in your urine or pain when you urinate;
  • a rash;
  • eye irritation;
  • fever, chills, or joint aches; or
  • severe nausea or vomiting.
• Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take allopurinol and talk to your doctor if you experience
  • upset stomach or diarrhea;
  • headache, dizziness, or drowsiness; or
  • an acute attack of gouty arthritis.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any reaction that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

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Prevacid

Drug NamePrevacid (Lansoprazole)Drug Uses

Prevacid decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Prevacid is used to treat and prevent stomach and intestinal ulcers, erosive esophagitis (damage to the esophagus from stomach acid), and other conditions involving excessive stomach acid such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Prevacid may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

How Taken

Prevacid comes as an extended-release (long-acting) capsule to take it orally. Prevacid usually is taken once a day, before a meal. Take Prevacid exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. The capsule should be swallowed whole. If you have difficulty swallowing capsules, Prevacid can be opened, and the granules can be sprinkled on applesauce and swallowed immediately. The granules should not be chewed or crushed. Continue to take Prevacid even if you feel well. Do not stop taking Prevacid without talking to your doctor.

Drug Class and Mechanism

Lansoprazole is in a class of drugs called proton pump inhibitors (PPI) which block the production of acid by the stomach. Other drugs in the same class include rabeprazole (Aciphex), omeprazole (Prilosec), pantoprazole (Protonix), and esomeprazole (Nexium). Proton pump inhibitors are used for the treatment of conditions such as ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome that are caused by stomach acid. Lansoprazole, like other proton-pump inhibitors, blocks the enzyme in the wall of the stomach that produces acid. By blocking the enzyme, the production of acid is decreased, and this allows the stomach and esophagus to heal.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of Cialis , take it as soon as you remember. Continue to use it as directed by your doctor.

Storage

Store Prevacid at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

Warnings/PrecautionsBefore taking Prevacid, tell your doctor if you ever have liver disease. You may not be able to take Prevacid, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment. Prevacid is in the FDA pregnancy category B. This means that it is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not take Prevacid without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant. It is not known whether Prevacid passes into breast milk. Do not take Prevacid without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.Possible Side Effects

Serious side effects from Prevacid are not common. Stop taking Prevacid and seek emergency medical attention if you experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives).Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take Prevacid and talk to your doctor if you experience

• diarrhea, nausea, or abdominal pain;
• dizziness; or
• headache.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome. More Information

• Serious side effects from lansoprazole are not common. Stop taking lansoprazole and seek emergency medical attention if you experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives).
• Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take lansoprazole and talk to your doctor if you experience
  • diarrhea, nausea, or abdominal pain;
  • dizziness; or
  • headache.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

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Prilosec

Drug NamePrilosec (Omeprazole)Drug Uses

Omeprazole is used for treating acid-induced inflammation and ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. It also is used in combination with antibiotics for eradicating H. pylori infection of the stomach.

How Taken

For ulcers, GERD and eradication of H. pylori the recommended dose for adults is 20-40 mg daily. Ulcer healing usually occurs within 4-8 weeks. H. pylori infections are treated for 10-28 days. Omeprazole OTC has been approved for more severe heartburn for up to two weeks.

For the management of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome the starting dose for adults is 60 mg daily, and the dose is adjusted based on either the response of symptoms or the actual measurement of acid production. Doses greater than 80 mg should be divided. Doses up to 120 mg three times a day have been used in the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

For maximal efficacy, omeprazole tablets should be taken before meals, swallowed whole and should not be crushed, chewed or opened.

Drug Class and Mechanism

Omeprazole is in a class of drugs called proton pump inhibitors (PPI) which block the production of acid by the stomach. Other drugs in the same class include lansoprazole (Prevacid), rabeprazole (Aciphex), pantoprazole (Protonix), and esomeprazole (Nexium). Proton pump inhibitors are used for the treatment of conditions such as ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome which are all caused by stomach acid. Omeprazole, like other proton-pump inhibitors, blocks the enzyme in the wall of the stomach that produces acid. By blocking the enzyme, the production of acid is decreased, and this allows the stomach and esophagus to heal. Omeprazole OTC has been approved for sale without a prescription.

Missed Dose

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and take only the next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication unless your doctor directs otherwise.

Storage

Store at room temperature, 15-30°C (59-86°F). Keep away from moisture and light.

Warnings/PrecautionsThere are no restrictions on food, beverages, or activities while taking omeprazole, unless otherwise directed by your doctor. Omeprazole potentially can increase the concentrations in blood of diazepam (Valium), warfarin (Coumadin), and phenytoin (Dilantin) by decreasing the elimination of these drugs by the liver. The absorption of certain drugs may be affected by stomach acidity, and, as a result, omeprazole and other PPIs that reduce stomach acid also reduce the absorption and concentration in blood of ketoconazole (Nizoral) and increase the absorption and concentration in blood of digoxin (Lanoxin). This may lead to reduced effectiveness of ketoconazole or increased digoxin toxicity, respectively.Possible Side Effects

Omeprazole like other PPIs is well-tolerated. The most common side effects are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headaches, rash and dizziness. Nervousness, abnormal heartbeat, muscle pain, weakness, leg cramps and water retention occur infrequently.

Each dose of omeprazole powder for oral suspension contains 460 mg of sodium, and this should be taken into consideration in patients who need a sodium restricted diet.

More Information

• If you experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives), stop taking omeprazole and seek emergency medical attention.
• Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take omeprazole and talk to your doctor if you experience
  • drowsiness, dizziness, or headache;
  • diarrhea, increased gas, or bloating; or
  • itching.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

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Nexium

Drug NameNexium (Esomeprazole)Drug Uses

Nexium is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which backward flow of acid from the stomach causes heartburn and injury of the esophagus (food pipe between the mouth and stomach). Nexium is used to treat the symptoms of GERD, allow the esophagus to heal, and prevent further damage to the esophagus. It is also used with other medications to prevent stomach ulcers. Nexium is in a class of medications called proton pump inhibitors. It works by decreasing the amount of acid made in the stomach.

How Taken

Nexium comes as a delayed-release (long-acting) capsule to take it orally. It is usually taken once a day at least one hour before a meal. To help youremember to take Nexium, take it around the same time every day. Swallow the capsules whole; do not split, chew, or crush them. If you cannot swallowthe capsule, put one tablespoon of cool, soft applesauce in an empty bowl. Open one Nexium capsule and carefully sprinkle the pellets onto the applesauce. Mix the pellets with the applesauce, and swallow the entire tablespoonful of the applesauce and pellet mixture immediately. Do not chew the pellets in the applesauce. Do not save the pellets and applesauce for later use.

Drug Class and Mechanism

Esomeprazole is in a class of drugs called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) which block the production of acid by the stomach. Other drugs in the same class include omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), rabeprazole (Aciphex) and pantoprazole (Protonix). Chemically, esomeprazole is very similar to omeprazole. Proton pump inhibitors are used for the treatment of conditions such as stomach and duodenal ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome which all are caused by stomach acid. Esomeprazole, like other proton-pump inhibitors, blocks the enzyme in the wall of the stomach that produces acid. By blocking the enzyme, the production of acid is decreased, and this allows the stomach and esophagus to heal. Esomeprazole was approved by the FDA in February, 2001.

Missed Dose

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take only your next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication unless otherwise directed by your doctor.

Storage

Store Prevacid at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

Warnings/PrecautionsBefore taking Nexium, tell your doctor if you have ever had any type of liver disease. You may not be able to take Nexium, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring. Nexium is in the FDA pregnancy category B. This means that it is unlikely to harm an unborn baby. Do not take Nexium without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant. It is not known whether Nexium passes into breast milk. Do not take Nexium without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions have been reported in patients on penicillin therapy. These reactions are more apt to occur if you have a history of penicillin hypersensitivity and/or a history of sensitivity to multiple allergens. Pseudo membranous colitis has been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents, including clarithromycin and amoxicillin, and may range in severity from mild to life threatening. Therefore, it is important to consider this diagnosis in patients who present with diarrhea subsequent to the administration of antibacterial agents.Possible Side Effects

Nexium side effects that may go away during treatment include headache, constipation, cough, or diarrhea. If they continue or are bothersome, check with your doctor. Contact your doctor IMMEDIATELY if you experience throat pain, chest pain, severe stomach pain, or coffee-ground vomit. An allergic reaction to Nexium is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to Nexium include rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, trouble breathing. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist.

More Information

• If you experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives), stop taking esomeprazole and seek emergency medical attention.
• Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take esomeprazole and talk to your doctor if you experience
  • headache;
  • diarrhea;
  • nausea, flatulence, abdominal pain, or constipation; or
  • dry mouth.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

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Cytotec

Drug NameCytotec (Misoprostol)Drug Uses

This medication is used to prevent stomach ulcers while you take NSAIDs (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen), especially if you are at risk for developing ulcers or have a history of ulcers. Cytotec helps to decrease your risk of serious ulcer complications such as bleeding. This medication protects your stomach lining by lowering the amount of acid that comes in contact with it. This medication is also used in combination with another drug (mifepristone) to end a pregnancy (abortion).

How Taken

This medicine comes with a patient information leaflet. Read it carefully. If you have any questions about this drug, ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist. Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. If you are taking this drug to prevent stomach ulcers, take it by mouth usually four times a day, after meals and at bedtime to minimize diarrhea, or as directed by your doctor. If you are taking this medication for abortion, take it by mouth exactly as directed by your doctor. If you are using this medication to start labor, your healthcare professional will insert it into your vagina. Avoid taking antacids that contain magnesium while using cytotec because they may make the diarrhea it causes worse. If you need an antacid, consult your doctor or pharmacist to help you choose a product. For ulcer prevention, continue to take this drug for as long as you take NSAIDs. Use this medication regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. Remember to use it at the same times each day. Inform your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.

Drug Class and Mechanism

Cytotec is a synthetic prostaglandin. Prostaglandins are natural substances found in the stomach as well as in other organs of the human body. In the stomach, prostaglandins are believed to protect the inner stomach lining from the ulcer-producing effects of acid, aspirin, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), commonly used in the treatment of arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. Scientists now believe that aspirin and NSAIDs produce stomach ulceration mostly by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins in the stomach. Synthetic prostaglandin such as cytotec, given orally, has been shown to protect the stomach lining from ulcerating effects of NSAIDs.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Storage

Store at or below 77 degrees F (25 degrees C) in a dry place away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.

Warnings/PrecautionsDo not take this medication if you think that you may be pregnant. It may cause abortion, premature birth, or birth defects. In rare cases, serious complications (e.g., uterine rupture) have occurred when cytotec was used to start labor or when used in combination with another drug to cause abortion after the eighth week of pregnancy. These complications have resulted in harm to the fetus and mother. Avoid pregnancy while taking cytotec and for at least one month or one completed menstrual cycle after you have stopped treatment. If you become pregnant while taking cytotec, contact your doctor immediately. If you are pregnant, do not take this medication to reduce the risk of stomach ulcers due to aspirin or other related drugs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-NSAIDs such as ibuprofen). Also, if you are of the childbearing age, do not use this drug to reduce the risk of ulcers from NSAIDs unless you are at high risk of having an ulcer or ulcer complications. Female patients must meet the following four requirements in order to use this drug: 1) test negative for pregnancy within two weeks before starting treatment; 2) use effective birth control to prevent pregnancy; 3) receive oral and written warnings on the dangers of using cytotec while of the childbearing age and the risks of possible birth control failure; 4) start taking cytotec only on the second or third day of the next normal menstrual period. This medication must not be shared with others.Before taking cytotec, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: stomach/intestinal disease (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease), risk factors for uterine rupture when this drug is used vaginally (e.g., prior Cesarean delivery, uterine surgery, five or more previous pregnancies). Daily use of alcohol and tobacco may increase your risk for stomach bleeding. Limit alcohol beverages and stop smoking. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more information. If you are taking this medication in combination with mifepristone to end a pregnancy, an incomplete abortion may rarely occur. It is very important for you to be closely monitored by your doctor and to keep your scheduled appointments to follow your progress. Be sure to have clear instructions from your doctor about who to call and what to do in case of an emergency. Expect vaginal bleeding after you take the combined medicine, however tell your doctor immediately if you develop any unlikely symptoms such as severe/prolonged vaginal bleeding, signs of infection (e.g., fever, chills), or fainting. It is not known if this medication passes into breast milk. Breast-feeding while using this medication is not recommended because it may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.Warnings/PrecautionsDo not take this medication if you think that you may be pregnant. It may cause abortion, premature birth, or birth defects. In rare cases, serious complications (e.g., uterine rupture) have occurred when cytotec was used to start labor or when used in combination with another drug to cause abortion after the eighth week of pregnancy. These complications have resulted in harm to the fetus and mother. Avoid pregnancy while taking cytotec and for at least one month or one completed menstrual cycle after you have stopped treatment. If you become pregnant while taking cytotec, contact your doctor immediately. If you are pregnant, do not take this medication to reduce the risk of stomach ulcers due to aspirin or other related drugs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-NSAIDs such as ibuprofen). Also, if you are of the childbearing age, do not use this drug to reduce the risk of ulcers from NSAIDs unless you are at high risk of having an ulcer or ulcer complications. Female patients must meet the following four requirements in order to use this drug: 1) test negative for pregnancy within two weeks before starting treatment; 2) use effective birth control to prevent pregnancy; 3) receive oral and written warnings on the dangers of using cytotec while of the childbearing age and the risks of possible birth control failure; 4) start taking cytotec only on the second or third day of the next normal menstrual period. This medication must not be shared with others.Before taking cytotec, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: stomach/intestinal disease (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease), risk factors for uterine rupture when this drug is used vaginally (e.g., prior Cesarean delivery, uterine surgery, five or more previous pregnancies). Daily use of alcohol and tobacco may increase your risk for stomach bleeding. Limit alcohol beverages and stop smoking. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more information. If you are taking this medication in combination with mifepristone to end a pregnancy, an incomplete abortion may rarely occur. It is very important for you to be closely monitored by your doctor and to keep your scheduled appointments to follow your progress. Be sure to have clear instructions from your doctor about who to call and what to do in case of an emergency. Expect vaginal bleeding after you take the combined medicine, however tell your doctor immediately if you develop any unlikely symptoms such as severe/prolonged vaginal bleeding, signs of infection (e.g., fever, chills), or fainting. It is not known if this medication passes into breast milk. Breast-feeding while using this medication is not recommended because it may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.Possible Side EffectsNausea or stomach cramps may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly. Diarrhea is common with cytotec and usually occurs about two weeks after you start taking it, and lasts for about a week. Be sure to keep up your intake of fluids and minerals/electrolytes to prevent dehydration. Persistent diarrhea may sometimes lead to a large loss of your body’s water and minerals. Tell your doctor immediately if you develop any of these serious signs of dehydration and mineral imbalance: severe dizziness, decreased amount of urine, mental/mood changes, muscle weakness, slow/irregular heartbeat. Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people, using this medication, do not have serious side effects. Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: menstrual problems or irregularities, unusual/heavy vaginal bleeding. A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include: rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.More Information

Do not share this medication with others.

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Tagamet

Drug NameTagamet (Cimetidine)Drug UsesThis medication blocks secretion of acid from the stomach. It is used to treat and prevent ulcers, to treat gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD), and to treat conditions associated with excessive acid secretion.

How Taken

This medication is given by injection into a muscle o infused into a vein in persons unable to take oral medication. Use this as directed. Do not increase your dose, use this more often than prescribed or stop using this without first consulting your doctor.

Drug Class and Mechanism

Tagamet belongs to a class of medications called histamine H2-antagonists. Histamine is a natural chemical that stimulates stomach cells to produce acid. Histamine H2-antagonists inhibit the action of histamine on the acid-producing cells of the stomach and reduce stomach acid. Tagamet was approved by the FDA in 1977.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, use it as soon as remembered; do not use it if it is near the time for the next dose, instead, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not “double-up” the dose to catch up.

Storage

Store at room temperature between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 to 30 degrees C) away from heat and light as directed. Do not store in the bathroom. An expiration date will be noted on the injection. Properly discard of any unused medication after this date.

Warnings/PrecautionsTell your doctor if you have: liver problems, kidney disease, any allergies. Do not change your dose without your doctor’s approval. Elderly persons may be more sensitive to the effects of this medication. This medication should be used only if clearly needed during pregnancy. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. Since small amounts of this medication are found in breast milk, consult your doctor before breast-feeding.Possible Side EffectsHeadache, fatigue, dizziness, loss of appetite, sleepiness, dry skin or dry mouth may occur as your body adjusts to the medication. Hair loss, increased sweating, anxiety, change in sex drive, breast enlargement in males and change in taste perceptions, and irritation at the injection site may also occur. If any of these effects continue or become bothersome, inform your doctor. Notify your doctor if you develop: a skin rash, hives, irregular heartbeat, jaundice, diarrhea, mental confusion, depression, difficulty walking, vision changes, trouble urinating, joint or muscle pain, ringing in the ears, breathing difficulty. Notify your doctor immediately if you develop: black tarry stools, “coffee ground”-like vomit. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.More Information

For best results, this medication is often used along with lifestyle changes such as stress-reduction programs, exercise and dietary changes. Talk to your health care professional about changes that you can benefit from. Laboratory tests may be done periodically while using this medication to monitor results and prevent side effects.

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